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The identification of a possible intellectual disability involves assessing various cognitive and behavioral indicators, and deficits in cognitive functioning are a core characteristic of such disabilities. An intellectual disability is typically defined by limitations in intellectual functioning, which impacts skills such as reasoning, problem-solving, abstract thinking, and learning. Hence, when deficits in cognitive functioning are evident, it indicates that the individual may have challenges that align with intellectual disabilities.

In contrast, excellent memory skills, high levels of social interaction, and advanced critical thinking abilities are generally associated with above-average or typical cognitive functioning. Individuals exhibiting these traits do not display the hallmark signs of an intellectual disability, as they indicate competence in areas where deficits might typically signify a cognitive impairment. Therefore, the presence of deficits in cognitive functioning is the most straightforward indicator of a potential intellectual disability.